JDBC Driver

GridGain is shipped with JDBC drivers that allow processing of distributed data using standard SQL statements like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE directly from the JDBC side.

Presently, there are two drivers supported by GridGain: the lightweight and easy to use JDBC Thin Driver described in this document and JDBC Client Driver that interacts with the cluster by means of a client node.

JDBC Thin Driver

The JDBC Thin driver is a default, lightweight driver provided by GridGain. To start using the driver, just add ignite-core-8.5.13.jar to your application’s classpath.

The driver connects to one of the cluster nodes and forwards all the queries to it for final execution. The node handles the query distribution and the result’s aggregations. Then the result is sent back to the client application.

The JDBC connection string may be formatted with one of two patterns: URL query or semicolon:

// URL query pattern
jdbc:ignite:thin://<hostAndPortRange0>[,<hostAndPortRange1>]...[,<hostAndPortRangeN>][/schema][?<params>]

hostAndPortRange := host[:port_from[..port_to]]

params := param1=value1[&param2=value2]...[&paramN=valueN]

// Semicolon pattern
jdbc:ignite:thin://<hostAndPortRange0>[,<hostAndPortRange1>]...[,<hostAndPortRangeN>][;schema=<schema_name>][;param1=value1]...[;paramN=valueN]

host is required and defines the host of the cluster node to connect to.
port_from is the beginning of the port range to use to open the connection. 10800 is used by default if this parameter is omitted.
port_to is optional. It is set to the port_from value by default if this parameter is omitted.
schema is the schema name to access. PUBLIC is used by default. This name should correspond to the SQL ANSI-99 standard. Non-quoted identifiers are not case sensitive. Quoted identifiers are case sensitive. When semicolon format is used, the schema may be defined as a parameter with name schema.
<params> are optional.

The name of the driver’s class is org.apache.ignite.IgniteJdbcThinDriver. For instance, this is how you can open a JDBC connection to the Ignite cluster node listening on IP address 192.168.0.50:

// Register JDBC driver.
Class.forName("org.apache.ignite.IgniteJdbcThinDriver");

// Open the JDBC connection.
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:ignite:thin://192.168.0.50");

Parameters

The following table lists all the parameters that are supported by the JDBC connection string:

Parameter Description Default Value

Parameter	Description	Default Value
user	Username for the SQL Connection. This parameter is required if authentication is enabled on the server. See the Authentication and CREATE user documentation for more details.	ignite
`password`	Password for SQL Connection. Required if authentication is enabled on the server. See the Authentication and CREATE user documentation for more details.	`ignite`
`distributedJoins`	Whether to execute distributed joins in the non-collocated mode.	false
`enforceJoinOrder`	Whether to enforce join order of tables in the query. If set to `true`, the query optimizer will not reorder tables in the join.	`false`
`collocated`	Set this parameter to `true` if you are going to execute a statement with a GROUP BY clause that groups the results by the partitioning column (affinity key). In this case, GridGain will optimize the query execution by grouping the results on the remote nodes.	`false`
`replicatedOnly`	Whether the query contains only replicated tables. This is a hint for potentially more effective execution.	`false`
`autoCloseServerCursor`	Whether to close server-side cursors automatically when the last piece of a result set is retrieved. When enabled, calling `ResultSet.close()` will not require a network call, which could improve performance. However, if the server-side cursor is already closed, you may get an exception when trying to call `ResultSet.getMetadata()`. This is why it defaults to `false`.	`false`
`socketSendBuffer`	Socket send buffer size. When set to 0, the OS default will be used.	`0`
`socketReceiveBuffer`	Socket receive buffer size. When set to 0, the OS default will be used.	`0`
`tcpNoDelay`	Whether to use `TCP_NODELAY` option.	`true`
`lazy`	Lazy query execution. By default, GridGain attempts to get and load the whole query result set into memory and then send it to the client. For small and medium result sets, this provides optimal performance and minimizes the duration of internal database locks, thus increasing concurrency. However, if the result set is too big to fit in the available memory, then it can lead to excessive GC pauses and even 'OutOfMemoryError’s. Use this flag to tell GridGain to fetch the result set lazily, thus minimizing memory consumption at the cost of a moderate performance hit.	`false`
`skipReducerOnUpdate`	Enables server side updates. When GridGain executes a DML operation, it fetches all the affected intermediate rows and sends them to the query initiator (also known as reducer) for analysis. Then it prepares batches of updated values to be sent to remote nodes. This approach might impact performance and it can saturate the network if a DML operation has to move many entries over it. Use this flag to tell GridGain to perform all intermediate row analysis and updates "in-place" on corresponding remote data nodes. Defaults to `false`, meaning that intermediate results will be fetched to the query initiator first.	`false`
`sslMode`	Enables SSL connection. Available modes: `require`: SSL protocol is enabled on the client. Only SSL connection is available. `disable`: SSL protocol is disabled on the client. Only plain connection is supported.	`disable`
`sslProtocol`	Protocol name for secure transport. If not specified, TLS protocol will be used. Protocol implementations supplied by JSEE: `SSLv3 (SSL)`, `TLSv1 (TLS)`, `TLSv1.1`, `TLSv1.2`	`TLS`
`sslKeyAlgorithm`	The Key manager algorithm to be used to create a key manager. Note that in most cases the default value is sufficient. Algorithms implementations supplied by JSEE: `PKIX (X509 or SunPKIX)`, `SunX509`.	`None`
`sslClientCertificateKeyStoreUrl`	URL of the client key store file. This is a mandatory parameter since SSL context cannot be initialized without a key manager. If `sslMode` is `require` and the key store URL isn’t specified in the GridGain properties, the value of the JSSE property `javax.net.ssl.keyStore` will be used.	The value of the `javax.net.ssl.keyStore` system property.
`sslClientCertificateKeyStorePassword`	Client key store password. If `sslMode` is `require` and the key store password isn’t specified in the GridGain properties, the JSSE property `javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword` will be used.	The value of the `javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword` system property.
`sslClientCertificateKeyStoreType`	Client key store type used in context initialization. If `sslMode` is `require` and the key store type isn’t specified in the GridGain properties, the JSSE property `javax.net.ssl.keyStoreType` will be used.	The value of the `javax.net.ssl.keyStoreType` system property. If the system property is not defined, the default value is `JKS`.
`sslTrustCertificateKeyStoreUrl`	URL of the trust store file. This is an optional parameter; however, one of these properties must be set: `sslTrustCertificateKeyStoreUrl` or `sslTrustAll` If `sslMode` is `require` and the trust store URL isn’t specified in the GridGain properties, the JSSE property `javax.net.ssl.trustStore` will be used.	The value of the `javax.net.ssl.trustStore` system property.
`sslTrustCertificateKeyStorePassword`	Trust store password. If `sslMode` is `require` and the trust store password isn’t specified in the GridGain properties, the JSSE property `javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword` will be used.	The value of the `javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword` system property
`sslTrustCertificateKeyStoreType`	Trust store type. If `sslMode` is `require` and the trust store type isn’t specified in the GridGain properties, the JSSE property `javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType` will be used.	The value of the `javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType` system property. If the system property is not defined the default value is `JKS`
`sslTrustAll`	Disables server’s certificate validation. Set to `true` to trust any server certificate (revoked, expired, or self-signed SSL certificates). Do not enable this option in production on a network you do not entirely trust. Especially anything using the public internet.	`false`
`sslFactory`	Class name of the custom implementation of the `Factory<SSLSocketFactory>`. If `sslMode` is `require` and a factory is specified, the custom factory will be used instead of the JSSE socket factory. In this case, other SSL properties will be ignored.	`null`

user

Username for the SQL Connection. This parameter is required if authentication is enabled on the server. See the Authentication and CREATE user documentation for more details.

ignite

password

Password for SQL Connection. Required if authentication is enabled on the server. See the Authentication and CREATE user documentation for more details.

ignite

distributedJoins

Whether to execute distributed joins in the non-collocated mode.

false

enforceJoinOrder

Whether to enforce join order of tables in the query. If set to true, the query optimizer will not reorder tables in the join.

false

collocated

Set this parameter to true if you are going to execute a statement with a GROUP BY clause that groups the results by the partitioning column (affinity key). In this case, GridGain will optimize the query execution by grouping the results on the remote nodes.

false

replicatedOnly

Whether the query contains only replicated tables. This is a hint for potentially more effective execution.

false

autoCloseServerCursor

Whether to close server-side cursors automatically when the last piece of a result set is retrieved. When enabled, calling ResultSet.close() will not require a network call, which could improve performance. However, if the server-side cursor is already closed, you may get an exception when trying to call ResultSet.getMetadata(). This is why it defaults to false.

false

socketSendBuffer

Socket send buffer size. When set to 0, the OS default will be used.

0

socketReceiveBuffer

Socket receive buffer size. When set to 0, the OS default will be used.

0

tcpNoDelay

Whether to use TCP_NODELAY option.

true

lazy

Lazy query execution. By default, GridGain attempts to get and load the whole query result set into memory and then send it to the client. For small and medium result sets, this provides optimal performance and minimizes the duration of internal database locks, thus increasing concurrency. However, if the result set is too big to fit in the available memory, then it can lead to excessive GC pauses and even 'OutOfMemoryError’s. Use this flag to tell GridGain to fetch the result set lazily, thus minimizing memory consumption at the cost of a moderate performance hit.

false

skipReducerOnUpdate

Enables server side updates. When GridGain executes a DML operation, it fetches all the affected intermediate rows and sends them to the query initiator (also known as reducer) for analysis. Then it prepares batches of updated values to be sent to remote nodes. This approach might impact performance and it can saturate the network if a DML operation has to move many entries over it. Use this flag to tell GridGain to perform all intermediate row analysis and updates "in-place" on corresponding remote data nodes. Defaults to false, meaning that intermediate results will be fetched to the query initiator first.

false

sslMode

Enables SSL connection. Available modes:

require: SSL protocol is enabled on the client. Only SSL connection is available.

disable: SSL protocol is disabled on the client. Only plain connection is supported.

disable

sslProtocol

Protocol name for secure transport. If not specified, TLS protocol will be used. Protocol implementations supplied by JSEE: SSLv3 (SSL), TLSv1 (TLS), TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2

TLS

sslKeyAlgorithm

The Key manager algorithm to be used to create a key manager. Note that in most cases the default value is sufficient. Algorithms implementations supplied by JSEE: PKIX (X509 or SunPKIX), SunX509.

None

sslClientCertificateKeyStoreUrl

URL of the client key store file. This is a mandatory parameter since SSL context cannot be initialized without a key manager. If sslMode is require and the key store URL isn’t specified in the GridGain properties, the value of the JSSE property javax.net.ssl.keyStore will be used.

The value of the javax.net.ssl.keyStore system property.

sslClientCertificateKeyStorePassword

Client key store password.

If sslMode is require and the key store password isn’t specified in the GridGain properties, the JSSE property javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword will be used.

The value of the javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword system property.

sslClientCertificateKeyStoreType

Client key store type used in context initialization.

If sslMode is require and the key store type isn’t specified in the GridGain properties, the JSSE property javax.net.ssl.keyStoreType will be used.

The value of the javax.net.ssl.keyStoreType system property. If the system property is not defined, the default value is JKS.

sslTrustCertificateKeyStoreUrl

URL of the trust store file. This is an optional parameter; however, one of these properties must be set: sslTrustCertificateKeyStoreUrl or sslTrustAll

If sslMode is require and the trust store URL isn’t specified in the GridGain properties, the JSSE property javax.net.ssl.trustStore will be used.

The value of the javax.net.ssl.trustStore system property.

sslTrustCertificateKeyStorePassword

Trust store password.

If sslMode is require and the trust store password isn’t specified in the GridGain properties, the JSSE property javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword will be used.

The value of the javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword system property

sslTrustCertificateKeyStoreType

Trust store type.

If sslMode is require and the trust store type isn’t specified in the GridGain properties, the JSSE property javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType will be used.

The value of the javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType system property. If the system property is not defined the default value is JKS

sslTrustAll

Disables server’s certificate validation. Set to true to trust any server certificate (revoked, expired, or self-signed SSL certificates).

false

sslFactory

Class name of the custom implementation of the Factory<SSLSocketFactory>.

If sslMode is require and a factory is specified, the custom factory will be used instead of the JSSE socket factory. In this case, other SSL properties will be ignored.

null

Connection String Examples

jdbc:ignite:thin://myHost - connect to myHost on the port 10800 with all defaults.
jdbc:ignite:thin://myHost:11900 - connect to myHost on custom port 11900 with all defaults.
jdbc:ignite:thin://myHost:11900;user=ignite;password=ignite - connect to myHost on custom port 11900 with user credentials for authentication.
jdbc:ignite:thin://myHost:11900;distributedJoins=true&autoCloseServerCursor=true - connect to myHost on custom port 11900 with enabled distributed joins and autoCloseServerCursor optimization.
jdbc:ignite:thin://myHost:11900/myschema; - connect to myHost on custom port 11900 and access to MYSCHEMA.
jdbc:ignite:thin://myHost:11900/"MySchema";lazy=false - connect to myHost on custom port 11900 with disabled lazy query execution and access to MySchema (schema name is case sensitive).

Multiple Endpoints

You can enable automatic failover if a current connection is broken by setting multiple connection endpoints in the connection string. JDBC Driver randomly picks an address from the list to connect to. If the original connection fails, JDBC Driver will select another address from the list until the connection is restored. JDBC Driver stops reconnecting and throws an exception if all the endpoints are unreachable.

The example below shows how to pass three addresses via the connection string:

// Register JDBC Driver.
Class.forName("org.apache.ignite.IgniteJdbcThinDriver");

// Open the JDBC connection passing several connection endpoints.
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(
  "jdbc:ignite:thin://192.168.0.50:101, 192.188.5.40:101, 192.168.10.230:101");

Cluster Configuration

In order to accept and process requests from JDBC Thin Driver, a cluster node binds to a local network interface on port 10800 and listens to incoming requests.

Use ClientConnectorConfiguration, set via IgniteConfiguration, to change parameters:

IgniteConfiguration cfg = new IgniteConfiguration()
    .setClientConnectorConfiguration(new ClientConnectorConfiguration());

<bean id="ignite.cfg" class="org.apache.ignite.configuration.IgniteConfiguration">
  <property name="clientConnectorConfiguration">
    <bean class="org.apache.ignite.configuration.ClientConnectorConfiguration" />
  </property>
</bean>

The following parameters are supported:

Parameter Description Default Value

Parameter	Description	Default Value
`host`	Host name or IP address to bind to. When set to `null`, binding is made to `localhost`.	`null`
`port`	TCP port to bind to. If the specified port is already in use, GridGain will try to find another available port using the `portRange` property.	`10800`
`portRange`	Defines number of ports to try to bind to. E.g. if the port is set to `10800` and `portRange` is `100`, then the server will consequentially try to bind to any port in the `[10800, 10900]` range until it finds a free port.	`100`
`maxOpenCursorsPerConnection`	Maximum number of cursors that can be opened simultaneously for a single connection.	`128`
`threadPoolSize`	Number of request-handling threads in the thread pool.	`MAX(8, CPU cores)`
`socketSendBufferSize`	Size of the TCP socket send buffer. When set to 0, the system default value is used.	`0`
`socketReceiveBufferSize`	Size of the TCP socket receive buffer. When set to 0, the system default value is used.	`0`
`tcpNoDelay`	Whether to use `TCP_NODELAY` option.	`true`
`idleTimeout`	Idle timeout for client connections. Clients will be disconnected automatically from the server after remaining idle for the configured timeout. When this parameter is set to zero or a negative value, the idle timeout is disabled.	`0`
`isJdbcEnabled`	Whether access through JDBC is enabled.	`true`
`isThinClientEnabled`	Whether access through thin client is enabled.	`true`
`sslEnabled`	If SSL is enabled, only SSL client connections are allowed. The node allows only one mode of connection: `SSL` or `plain`. A node cannot receive both types of client connections. But this option can be different for different nodes in the cluster.	`false`
`useIgniteSslContextFactory`	Whether to use SSL context factory from Ignite configuration (see `IgniteConfiguration.sslContextFactory`).	`true`
`sslClientAuth`	Whether client authentication is required.	`false`
`sslContextFactory`	The class name that implements `Factory<SSLContext>` to provide node-side SSL. See this for more information.	`null`

host

Host name or IP address to bind to. When set to null, binding is made to localhost.

null

port

TCP port to bind to. If the specified port is already in use, GridGain will try to find another available port using the portRange property.

10800

portRange

Defines number of ports to try to bind to. E.g. if the port is set to 10800 and portRange is 100, then the server will consequentially try to bind to any port in the [10800, 10900] range until it finds a free port.

100

maxOpenCursorsPerConnection

Maximum number of cursors that can be opened simultaneously for a single connection.

128

threadPoolSize

Number of request-handling threads in the thread pool.

MAX(8, CPU cores)

socketSendBufferSize

Size of the TCP socket send buffer. When set to 0, the system default value is used.

0

socketReceiveBufferSize

Size of the TCP socket receive buffer. When set to 0, the system default value is used.

0

tcpNoDelay

Whether to use TCP_NODELAY option.

true

idleTimeout

Idle timeout for client connections. Clients will be disconnected automatically from the server after remaining idle for the configured timeout. When this parameter is set to zero or a negative value, the idle timeout is disabled.

0

isJdbcEnabled

Whether access through JDBC is enabled.

true

isThinClientEnabled

Whether access through thin client is enabled.

true

sslEnabled

If SSL is enabled, only SSL client connections are allowed. The node allows only one mode of connection: SSL or plain. A node cannot receive both types of client connections. But this option can be different for different nodes in the cluster.

false

useIgniteSslContextFactory

Whether to use SSL context factory from Ignite configuration (see IgniteConfiguration.sslContextFactory).

true

sslClientAuth

Whether client authentication is required.

false

sslContextFactory

The class name that implements Factory<SSLContext> to provide node-side SSL. See this for more information.

null

Using SSL

JDBC Thin Driver allows you to use SSL socket communication to provide a secure connection between the JDBC driver and the node (includes the initial handshake).

See the ssl* parameters of the JDBC driver, and ssl* parameters and useIgniteSslContextFactory of the ClientConnectorConfiguration for more detailed information.

The default implementation is based on JSSE, and works through two Java keystore files:

sslClientCertificateKeyStoreUrl - the client certificate keystore holds the keys and certificate for the client.
sslTrustCertificateKeyStoreUrl - the trusted certificate keystore contains the certificate information to validate the server’s certificate.

The trusted store is an optional parameter, however one of the following parameters: sslTrustCertificateKeyStoreUrl or sslTrustAll must be configured.

If you want to use your own implementation or method to configure the SSLSocketFactory, you can use JDBC Driver’s sslFactory parameter. It is a string that must contain the name of the class that implements the interface Factory<SSLSocketFactory>. The class must be available for JDBC Driver’s class loader.

Ignite DataSource

The DataSource object is used as a deployed object that can be located by logical name via the JNDI naming service. JDBC Driver’s org.apache.ignite.IgniteJdbcThinDataSource implements a JDBC DataSource interface allowing you to utilize the DataSource interface instead.

In addition to generic DataSource properties, IgniteJdbcThinDataSource supports all the Ignite-specific properties that can be passed into a JDBC connection string. For instance, the distributedJoins property can be (re)set via the IgniteJdbcThinDataSource#setDistributedJoins() method.

Refer to the JavaDocs for more details.

Examples

To start processing the data located in the cluster, you need to create a JDBC Connection object via one of the methods below:

// Open the JDBC connection via DriverManager.
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:ignite:thin://192.168.0.50");

// Or open connection via DataSource.
IgniteJdbcThinDataSource ids = new IgniteJdbcThinDataSource();
ids.setUrl("jdbc:ignite:thin://192.168.0.50");
ids.setDistributedJoins(true);

Connection conn2 = ids.getConnection();

Then you can execute SQL SELECT queries of your choice:

// Query names of all people.
ResultSet rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("select name from Person");

while (rs.next()) {
    String name = rs.getString(1);
    ...
}

// Query people with specific age using prepared statement.
PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement("select name, age from Person where age = ?");

stmt.setInt(1, 30);

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery();

while (rs.next()) {
    String name = rs.getString("name");
    int age = rs.getInt("age");
    ...
}

You can also modify the data via DML statements.

INSERT

// Insert a Person with a Long key.
PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO Person(_key, name, age) VALUES(CAST(? as BIGINT), ?, ?)");

stmt.setInt(1, 1);
stmt.setString(2, "John Smith");
stmt.setInt(3, 25);

stmt.execute();

MERGE

// Merge a Person with a Long key.
PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement("MERGE INTO Person(_key, name, age) VALUES(CAST(? as BIGINT), ?, ?)");

stmt.setInt(1, 1);
stmt.setString(2, "John Smith");
stmt.setInt(3, 25);

stmt.executeUpdate();

UPDATE

// Update a Person.
conn.createStatement().
  executeUpdate("UPDATE Person SET age = age + 1 WHERE age = 25");

DELETE

conn.createStatement().execute("DELETE FROM Person WHERE age = 25");

Streaming

JDBC Driver allows streaming data in bulk using the SET command. See the SET command documentation for more information.

Error Codes

Ignite JDBC drivers pass error codes in the java.sql.SQLException class, used to facilitate exception handling on the application side. To get an error code, use the java.sql.SQLException.getSQLState() method. It returns a string containing the ANSI SQLSTATE error code defined:

// Register JDBC driver.
Class.forName("org.apache.ignite.IgniteJdbcThinDriver");

// Open JDBC connection.
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:ignite:thin://127.0.0.1");

PreparedStatement ps;

try {
  ps = conn.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO Person(id, name, age) values (1, 'John', 'unparseableString')");
} catch (SQLException e) {
    switch (e.getSQLState()) {
      case "0700B":
        System.out.println("Conversion failure");
        break;

      case "42000":
        System.out.println("Parsing error");
        break;

      default:
        System.out.println("Unprocessed error: " + e.getSQLState());
        break;
    }
}

The table below lists all the ANSI SQLSTATE error codes currently supported by GridGain. Note that the list may be extended in the future.

Code Description

Code	Description
0700B	Conversion failure (for example, a string expression cannot be parsed as a number or a date).
0700E	Invalid transaction isolation level.
08001	The driver failed to open a connection to the cluster.
08003	The connection is in the closed state. Happened unexpectedly.
08004	The connection was rejected by the cluster.
08006	I/O error during communication.
22004	Null value not allowed.
22023	Unsupported parameter type.
23000	Data integrity constraint violation.
24000	Invalid result set state.
0A000	Requested operation is not supported.
40001	Concurrent update conflict. See Concurrent Updates.
42000	Query parsing exception.
50000	Internal error. The code is not defined by ANSI and refers to an Ignite specific error. Refer to the `java.sql.SQLException` error message for more information.

0700B

Conversion failure (for example, a string expression cannot be parsed as a number or a date).

0700E

Invalid transaction isolation level.

08001

The driver failed to open a connection to the cluster.

08003

The connection is in the closed state. Happened unexpectedly.

08004

The connection was rejected by the cluster.

08006

I/O error during communication.

22004

Null value not allowed.

22023

Unsupported parameter type.

23000

Data integrity constraint violation.

24000

Invalid result set state.

0A000

Requested operation is not supported.

40001

Concurrent update conflict. See Concurrent Updates.

42000

Query parsing exception.

50000

Internal error. The code is not defined by ANSI and refers to an Ignite specific error. Refer to the java.sql.SQLException error message for more information.

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Last updated on Jul 21, 2020